Practical Work in Geography - Part 1

The periodical rise and fall of the sea level, once or twice a day, mainly occurs due to the attraction of the Sun and the Moon. Another factor is the centrifugal force, which acts to counterbalance gravity.

Source: NCERT: Class 11th Fundamentals of Physical Geography

All three species mentioned in the question are endangered in India. The Gharial, Leatherback turtle, and Swamp deer face various threats that have led to their endangered status. As there is no specific list such as IUCN provided in the question, option C, which includes all three species, is correct.

Source Attribution:

• NCERT: Ecology

A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. Ferns require indirect sunlight, moist soil, and a humid atmosphere. Ferns prefer potting soil with good drainage and high organic content. Hence, option 1 is not correct.

Lichens are a complex life form that is a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms, a fungus and an alga. They only require an undisturbed surface, time, and clean air. Lichens grow on any undisturbed surface--bark, wood, mosses, rock, soil, peat, glass, metal, plastic, and even cloth. Hence option 2 is correct.

Mosses are non-flowering plants which produce spores and have stems and leaves, but don't have true roots. Moss is very low maintenance and needs virtually nothing except shade and moisture to thrive. Hence option 3 is correct.

A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. Mushrooms can be cultivated hydroponically as fungi. Hence option 4 is not correct.

Source: Class XI Biology NCERT: Chapter 3 - Plant Kingdom

The mainland of India extends from Kashmir in the north to Kanniyakumari in the south and Arunachal Pradesh in the east to Gujarat in the west.

Source: NCERT: Class 11th India Physical Environment

Bagelkhand or Baghelkhand is a region and also a mountain range in central India that covers the northeastern regions of Madhya Pradesh and a small area of western Uttar Pradesh. Bodhgaya is in Bihar. The Khajuraho group of monuments was built during the rule of the Rajput Chandela dynasty. The building activity started almost immediately after the rise of their power, throughout their kingdom to be later known as Bundelkhand. Vidarbha is the eastern region of the Indian state of Maharashtra, comprising Nagpur Division and Amravati Division. Shirdi is a town and falls under Ahmednagar District in Maharashtra. It is not in Vidarbha region. Tirupati lies in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh.

Source Citation:

• Atlas
• NCERT: Geography Books